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7 4 Limitations（第1页）

7.4limitations

theresultsofthecurrentstudyshouldbeinterpretedinlightofthefollowingthreemajorlimitations.

（a）themetacognitivelisteningstrategytrainingwaslimitedtoarelativelyshortperiodoftime（fiveminutes），andfurthermore，itoccurredindependentlyofthestudents'curriculuitmightbethattheeffectofmetacognitivestrategytrainingwillonlyemergeweeksormonthslaterwhenthelearnersareabletoemploystrategiesontheirown.therefore，itissuggestedthat，infuture，studiesdesignlongertrainingtodetecteffectsinlearners'actualuseofthestrategiesandtheapplicationofstrategytrainingshouldbeincorporatedintocourseinstruction.

（b）itisverydifficultforstudentstoreportdoingsomethingthattheyhavenotbeenconsciouslymonitoring.regardingthedatagatheredontheparticipants'metacognitivelisteningawareness，thestudyonlyemployedaquestionnairewithnoobservationofthelearners'actuallisteningperformance.thequestionnairemayonlyreflectwhattheparticipantsthoughttheyshoulddoinsteadofwhattheyactuallydo.however，aslynchandmendelsohn（2002，p.202）remarked，“thefactthatlisteningcomprehensionoccurslargelyunobservedmeansthatitcanbeverydifficulttoestablishthe‘process’bywhichlistenersreachtheirinterpretations，evenifwehavetheevidenceofthe‘product’”.

（c）anotherlimitationofthisstudyconcernsthereliabilityofthevocabularydelayedposttests.becausetheparticipantswereengagedinrecyclingrecentlymetvocabulary，theymayhavestudiedsomeofthetargetwordsoutsideofthecontextoftheexperimentintheone-weekintervalbetweentheimmediateanddelayedposttests.althoughthisprobablydidnotoccurtoanygreatdegree，itisnevertheless，apossibilitythatmustbeacknowledged.

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